编者的话:近日,全国肿瘤登记中心发布的《2012中国肿瘤登记年报》显示,我国每年新发肿瘤病例约为312万例,平均每天8550人中招,每分钟有6人被诊断为癌症,有5人死于癌症,人们一生中患癌概率为22%。其中,肺癌、胃癌、肝癌成为发病与死亡率最高的癌症,而乳腺癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌使女性健康受到威胁,这些高发癌症与不健康的生活方式息息相关。 本期,《生命时报》特邀全国肿瘤防治研究办公室/国家癌症登记中心陈万青主任和中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院肿瘤研究所流行病学研究室主任乔友林教授为大家解读新版“中国癌症地图”。 肺癌
高发地区:东北、云南 在肺癌的发病原因中,东北和云南的一些高发地区有着共同的特点,那就是矿产业比较集中,严重污染的空气让大量致癌物质侵蚀人们的肺部,诱发癌症。实际上,随着我国肺癌的发病率快速上升,地域和性别差异越来越不明显。如果不做好预防和筛查,可能在未来30年,肺癌的死亡率依然排在首位。 吸烟是诱发肺癌的罪魁祸首。统计表明,在10个死于肺癌的患者中,有9个是烟民。除了主动吸烟的人,受害更深的是那些经常被迫吸“二手烟”的人,他们发生肺癌的几率也相对较高。而日益恶劣的环境因素,如尾气、阴霾天、工业污染等因素,拉近了人们与肺癌间的距离,可以说肺癌是“人造灾难”。专家建议,公共场所要全面禁烟。更重要的是,45岁以上有吸烟史的人每年做1次体检,通过肺部低剂量螺旋CT筛查出早期肺癌。
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